Columbus, Georgia
Georgia's First Consolidated Government
Post Office Box 1340
Columbus, Georgia, 31902-1340
(706) 653-4013
fax (706) 653-4016
Council Members
MINUTES
COUNCIL OF COLUMBUS, GEORGIA
WORK SESSION
FEBRUARY 26, 2002
The regular monthly Work Session of the Council of Columbus, Georgia was
called to order at 9:04 A.M., Tuesday, February 26, 2002, in the Council
Chambers, Government Center, Columbus, Georgia. Honorable John J. Rodgers,
Mayor Pro Tem, presiding.
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PRESENT: Present other than Mayor Pro Tem Rodgers were Councilors R. Gary
Allen, Berry Henderson, Julius H. Hunter, Jr., Charles E. McDaniel, Jr., Robert
Poydasheff, Evelyn Turner Pugh, Richard Smith, Nathan Suber and Evelyn Woodson
(arrived at 9:07 a.m.). City Manager Carmen Cavezza, City Attorney Clifton Fay,
and Deputy Clerk of Council Sandra Davis were also present.
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ABSENT: Mayor Bobby Peters and Clerk of Council Tiny B. Washington were
absent.
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INVOCATION: Led by Pastor Tim Jones, Britt David Baptist Church.
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PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE: Led by Mayor Pro Tem Rodgers.
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ABSENCE OF MAYOR PETERS:
Mayor Pro Tem Rodgers advised that Mayor Peters is absent today due to him
having to attend to some personal business.
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MINUTES: Minutes of the February 12 and February 19, 2002 meetings of the
Council of the Consolidated Government of Columbus, Georgia were submitted and
approved unanimously by those nine members present at the time, with Councilor
Woodson having not yet arrived, upon the adoption of a motion made by Councilor
Poydasheff and seconded by Councilor Allen.
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CONSENT AGENDA:
THE FOLLOWING TWO ORDINANCES LISTED ON THE CONSENT AGENDA WERE APPROVED BY
THE COUNCIL ON SECOND READING UPON A SINGLE MOTION MADE BY COUNCILOR POYDASHEFF
AND SECONDED BY COUNCILOR SMITH WHICH CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY (Councilor Woodson
requested that her vote be cast in the affirmative upon her arrival):
An Ordinance (02-21) - Rezoning approximately 32 acres of property located
on portions of 6001 & 6015 Warm Springs Road from an A-1 and PUD District to an
A-O District. (3-CA-02-Woodmont Properties, LLC)
An Ordinance (02-22) - Rezoning approximately 0.17 acres of property
located at 2912 12th Avenue from a C-2 District to an R-3A District.
(4-A-02-Gregory)
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THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION WAS SUBMITTED AND WAS APPROVED BY THE COUNCIL
UPON A SINGLE MOTION MADE BY COUNCILOR POYDASHEFF AND SECONDED BY COUNCILOR
SMITH WHICH CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY (Councilor Woodson requested that her vote be
cast in the affirmative upon her arrival):
A Resolution (84-02) - Authorizing a request for a temporary
intergovernmental transfer of $4,000,000 from the General Fund to the Hospital
Authority of Columbus, Georgia to facilitate participating in a federal program
for government owned or operated nursing homes.
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NEW ZONING PETITIONS:
THE FOLLOWING TWO NEW ZONING PETITIONS WERE SUBMITTED AND AN ORDINANCE WAS
CALLED FOR ON EACH BY COUNCILOR SUBER:
Petition submitted by George Woodruff, III to rezone approximately 0.92
acres of property located at 5069 Warm Springs Road from an R-1A District to an
A-O District. (Recommended for conditional approval by both the Planning
Advisory Commission and the Planning Division.) (7-CA-02-Woodruff)
Petition submitted by The Jordan Company to rezone approximately 5.77
acres of property located at the northwest portion of 6001 River Road from an
R-4 District to an A-O District. (Recommended for conditional approval by both
the Planning Advisory Commission and the Planning Division.) (8-CA-02-The
Jordan Co.)
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ONE COLUMBUS SUMMITT:
Councilor Turner Pugh, in commending individuals regarding the One
Columbus Summit on last week, unintentionally omitted Mr. Jim Anthony, the
CCG-TV cameraman who was present before the summit began and at the end. She
commended him for spending a lot of time there those two days that we were
present for the Summit, Banquet and wrap-up session the following day.
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BULL CREEK GOLF COURSE:
City Manager Cavezza announced that there would be a ribbon-cutting
ceremony at Bull Creek Golf Course. He stated that this is for the next nine
holes that would began construction on, at 4:00 p.m., February 28, 2002.
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WORK SESSION AGENDA:
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT UPDATE:
City Manager Cavezza said we have Mr. Rick Alexander, Chairman of the
Board of the Chamber and Mr. Mike Gaymon, who is the President of the Chamber,
here today to make a presentation to the Council.
Mr. Rick Alexander came forward and briefly explained where the Chamber is
right now and what they are working on. He thanked the Council for the support
given by the City to the Chamber for economic development.
Mr. Mike Gaymon reminded everyone about the first inter-city visit to
Charlotte, North Carolina, and this was where we learned about the Carolina?s
partnership, which was a by-state economic development effort. He explained
that we patterned a program after the Carolina?s partnership a couple of years
later, which is known as the ?Valley Partnership?. He reported that the Valley
Partnership is now a six county effort. He reiterated the comments made by the
Lieutenant Governor by stating that the Valley Partnership is the best model
and largest model in the State. He briefly highlighted the regional aspects of
the Valley Partnership. (A packet of information was passed around the table,
but was not submitted to the Deputy Clerk for the record.)
Mr. Rick Alexander, made some additional comments regarding the document
that was passed around the table by stating that we got together with those
individuals involved with Valley Partnership and over the last year, there has
been an extensive study done that we call the ?Strategy For Economic
Development?; since, the Council has supported us in this effort, we want to be
able to tell the members of Council what we are doing and to advise that we do
have a plan to go forward in the future. He explained that we have supporting
documents from some of the year?s worth of work that we have done. He said
that we are providing the Council with an executive summary of that report that
talks about how we are going to go forward with economic development. He
pointed out that we studied the key issues in our communities and are listed as
follows:
? Communication
? Education and workforce
? Economy
? Infrastructure
? Quality of life
? Demographics
Mr. Gaymon briefly highlighted the target industries that have been
identified based upon the assets and liabilities for this region, that they
would be focusing their efforts on and are as follows: Aircraft Parts
Manufacturing, Military, State Government, Information Services, Health
Services and Communications.
As for closing remarks, Mr. Alexander noted that we assist with promoting
our existing industries and we help them to expand, and that is a big part of
our growth.
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PROPOSED TREE ORDINANCE:
City Manager Cavezza said that Mr. Milton Jones, Chairman of the Tree
Committee, is present in the audience. He reported that this committee has
been working very hard during this year and a half and Mr. Jones would like to
present to the members of Council possibly their final version or
recommendation for the Tree Ordinance.
While Mr. Jones was adjusting the overhead projector for his presentation,
Councilor Suber, after making some brief remarks, made a motion to hear
citizens that may be present and want to be heard on this issus. Seconded by
Councilor Poydasheff.
Mayor Pro Tem Rodgers offered clarification of the motion which is to
suspend the normal work sessions rule to allow discussion from the citizens on
this matter.
In response to some questions of Councilor Woodson, City Manager Cavezza
advised that he would get with Mr. Jones to make a decision as to when we would
be ready to bring this ordinance forward.
Councilor Woodson also made comments regarding the packet that was
presented by the Chamber of Commerce, at which time, City Manager Cavezza
informed the Council that Mr. Jones has not seen that information from the
Chamber, but felt that he needed to be provided with a copy of this document.
Mayor Pro Tem Rodgers called attention to the motion to allow discussion
from the citizens on this matter which carried unanimously by those ten members
present.
Mr. Milton Jones, came forward to present the recommendations of the Tree
Committee. Mr. Jones began by stating that he was not aware that the Chamber
had circulated a packet to the Councilors, but we have heard their concerns.
He said that he was present today to thoroughly explain the provisions of the
document that we have been working on for a year and a half.
He made comments on the history of the City of Columbus and the creation
of the Tree Ordinance as convened by the new municipal government at their
first meeting on January 19, 1829. He added that the present Tree Ordinance
was adopted in 1972 by the first Council of the new Consolidated Government,
which began on January 1, 1971. He pointed out that the present ordinance only
applies to trees on city property and not to trees that we are expanding our
protection to which are the ones covered by private development.
He said that the City Manager established a Tree Committee starting in
November 2000 with the objective to be to encourage smart growth to enhance the
quality of life in our community and increase property values. He then made
remarks about the advantages of having trees in the community.
With several members of the committee present in the audience, Mr. Jones
asked those individuals to stand to be recognized. He then read off a listing
of names of the individuals who served on the Tree Committee and they are as
follows: Susan Binns, Commissioner of Keep Columbus Beautiful; Erin
Bouthillier, Environmental Science Director, Moore Bass Consulting; Leah
Braxton, W. C. Bradley Company; Don Campbell, landscape architect with French
and Associates; Dr. Becky Champion, Director of Oxbow Meadows Environmental
Center; Bill Consolletti, registered forester with Mead; Glenn Davis, retired
professional ball player, community representative; Dave Erickson, Pinnacle
Homes; Marty Flournoy, Fournoy Calhoun Realtors; John Flournoy, Flournoy
Development Company; Phillip Ford, Executive Director of the Greater Columbus
Home Builders; Larry French, landscape architect with French Associates; Susan
Kleto, registered forester, former City Arborist and now Executive Director of
Trees Columbus; Warren Mason, civil engineer with Moon, Meeks, Mason and
Vinson; Jody Nelson, registered forester with Georgia Power; Samantha Reese,
head of the Horticultural Department of Columbus Tech; Otis Scarborough, The
Woodruff Company; Gloria Weston-Smart, Executive Director, Keep Columbus
Beautiful; Ken Spano, Spano Investments; Che Spurlin, former Chairman of the
Board of Elections and community representative; Elizabeth Thorne, homemaker
and community representative; Teresa Tomlinson, attorney with Pope McGlamery
and headed the Overlook Community Preservation Association, and himself. He
also mentioned several City employees who provided significant support.
He described the break down of the committee as a whole into drafting
committees which was accomplished by having the following representatives
choose two members for a drafting committee: Development people, Tree
Professionals and Community Representatives. He provided a listing of the
communities from which their committee chose to review their tree ordinances
and provided a chronology of events, which included public hearings on the
proposed ordinance, that lead to the recommendations that are now being
presented.
He then outlined each section of the committee?s proposal and are as
follows:
Section 1: Finding, Intent and Statement of Purpose
Section 2: Definitions
Section 3: City Arborist
Mr. Jones then made the following statement regarding the responsibility
of the City Arborist ?The City Arborist is granted the authority under this
ordinance to allow for variances of up to 20%. He explained that the reason
this was inclusive because there was a concern among some in the development
community about the makeup of the tree board.
Section 4: Tree Board
He gave a listing of the proposed representatives to serve on the new Tree
Board. He said that we are requesting seven members and the following
representatives:
- A public utility providing service within the City;
- An educator employed by Columbus State University, the Muscogee County School
District, or Columbus Technical College whose principal field of activity is
science and/or the environment;
- The Director or a commissioner of Keep Columbus Beautiful;
- A representative of the development or building community of the City working
primarily in commercial and/or industrial development;
- A representative of an environmental advocacy group headquartered in the
City; and
- A representative who is a landscape or forestry professional; and
- The City Arborist shall serve as an advisor and as an ex-officio member of
the board.
Councilor Turner Pugh raised concerns regarding the makeup of the proposed
tree board. She pointed out that there are no ordinary citizens being
recommended for the board. She recalls that on almost every city board we have
representation from the entire community and not just from individuals that are
from specific organizations. She suggested maybe three or four regular
individuals to serve on the board.
Mr. Jones responded by saying that we had been advised that the City likes
to have small boards, and we were trying to keep the numbers low, but it is
certainly the prerogative of the Council to offer amendments.
In reference to a previous comment by Mr. Jones that Councilor Smith
served on this committee, Councilor Smith informed the members of Council that
after he got into the committee meetings, he decided that it would probably be
a conflict of interest with his role on Council; therefore, whenever a vote was
taken, he did not vote and in most cases, he got up and left the meeting. He
also expressed concerns with the proposed makeup of the board.
There were continued discussions on this matter with Mr. Jones responding
to various questions from the members of Council.
After listening to the comments from several Council members, Councilor
Woodson asked when would be the time to amend this ordinance, because the
consensus seems to be to add more people to the board, at which time, City
Manager Cavezza replied that if the committee does not make the adjustment and
if the Council desires to; then, when this ordinance comes forward on first
reading; then, that would be the opportune time to make any changes.
Councilor Woodson then asked Mr. Jones if the committee would be willing
to reconsider adding three or five at-large citizen?s positions to the tree
board, before it is brought back on first reading? Mayor Pro Tem Rodgers
reminded everyone that this is just a recommendation that is being made;
therefore, we can alter it in any fashion that we so desire, once it comes to
us on first reading. Mayor Pro Tem Rodgers continued by saying that the
Council would likely have our own work session on this ordinance in order to
develop the final product. Mr. Jones added that we are passing the committees
recommendations on to the Council now.
In response to Councilor McDaniel?s question regarding the grandfathering
in of businesses that are already there or would they have to conform to the
new ordinance, at which time, Mr. Jones replied that this ordinance does not
apply to anything except new development, with limited exceptions to that.
Mayor Pro Tem Rodgers added that it would also apply to expansions.
Section 5: Official Tree
Mr. Jones advised that the Muscogee Crape Myrtle is the official tree of
Columbus and is listed as such in the existing law; therefore, the committee
did not address this issue.
Section 6: Applicability
Mr. Jones reiterated his previous comments and also pointed out that this
new ordinance does not apply to anyone?s home, because a citizens can cut down,
plant or trim any tree that is on their property. He then gave a listing of
situations that would be applicable, which comes directly from the current
buffer ordinance and are as follows:
? Zoning changes
? Additions of over 5,000 square feet on sites less than 2 acres and 10,000
square feet on sites over 2 acres
? Planned developments
? Redevelopments that are more than 50% of the building is demolished and
rebuilt
Mr. Jones pointed out that the above list came verbatim from the existing
buffer ordinance, because the committee was told to be consistent with the
buffer ordinance. He explained that this last one was added and is listed as
follows:
? The ordinance applies to the City and all public agencies.
Mr. Jones explained that this was added, because the committee felt that
this would be essential and crucial for this ordinance, because it would be
unfair to ask the development community and the rest of the business community
to apply to rules that the City is not willing to apply to itself; therefore it
does apply to governmental agencies, but this one is not in the buffer
ordinance.
There was continued discussion on this section with several members of
Council asking various questions regarding the applicability of this proposed
ordinance. City Manager Cavezza also emphasized that for clarification
purposes, the statements on taking down trees on private property is exactly
true, except that there is some public right-of-way that people have to
recognize in that part of many front yards is public right-of-way, and the
citizens do not have the right to remove those trees.
Councilor Suber asked if it was possible to combine the buffer ordinance
with the tree ordinance, at which time, Mr. Jones agreed that the two
ordinances should be combined, and done as part of this zoning and planning
ordinance that is in the process of being revised. Councilor Suber then
expressed his concerns in that the City imposes laws and requirements on
citizens that the City of Columbus does not adhere to, and he wants to insure
that we adhere to whatever we put out there for the citizens to do, at which
time, City Manager Cavezza maintained that if the citizens have to do it; then,
the City Government has to do it. Mayor Pro Tem Rodgers reminded everyone that
this provision is in the proposed ordinance regarding anything that we do
prospectively.
Councilor Allen asked if someone has three to five acres and they want to
put a home site on there, and that home site is going to exceed the 5,000
square feet limit; then, would this proposed ordinance be applicable to them.
Mr. Jones responded by saying if this would be new construction; then, he
believes that the answer would be yes.
There was some discussion regarding the ability to obtain insurance for
developments with islands of trees in the parking lot as raised by Mayor Pro
Tem Rodgers, with Mr. Jones responding that he does not believe that someone
can not obtain insurance because of trees in the parking lot.
Continuing to use the overhead projector, Mr. Jones resumed his
presentation to the Council.
Regarding the TDU (Tree Density Units) requirement, Councilor Turner Pugh
asked if the requirement would just be for the acreage or square feet that are
being constructed as the new part or would this go back and take in the total
structure or total acreage and come up with the total TDU requirement. Mr.
Jones replied that it would be the entire tract of land, because the formula
applies to the total acreage of the site. Councilor Turner Pugh then expressed
concerns in that if there is a part of the acreage that has already been
developed, and if they decided to make some expansions to that building; then,
they would have to go back and take the entire existing acreage and make it
conform to the new laws.
Councilor Poydasheff suggested that the tree committee go back to the
table with those individuals affected in considering remarks that have been
made concerning grandfathering existing development.
There were continued discussions on this matter with Mr. Jones responding
to various questions from the members of Council. Councilor Smith asked about
the cost associated with the adoption of the new tree ordinance at which time
he presented an example that was done by one of the tree ordinance committee
members Mr. Warren Mason. Mr. Jones added that the letter was done at the
request of Mr. Dayton Preston from the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Jones
responded that this was an e-mail that was sent out by the Chamber, at which
time, he read from a letter that he prepared in order to respond to the letter.
Councilor Henderson raised questions from previous statements regarding
the expansion of development, at which time, Mr. Jones responded to those
concerns. Councilor Turner Pugh asked questions regarding how this proposed
ordinance would affect the property in the Enterprise Zone and City Manager
Cavezza addressed her concerns.
Section 7: Density Requirements
Mr. Jones briefly outlined the Site Density Requirements by explaining the
calculation procedure to be used, which is to take the number of acreage of the
development that is going to be affected and multiply it by the required number
of tree density units for that zoning classification and that gives you a
numerical factor that you meet by either saving existing trees on the site,
planting trees or a combination of the two.
He pointed out that we have a sliding scale on single-family low and medium
density residential zoning classifications and the reason for that is space for
the trees. He then went over those specified zoning classifications explaining
the TDU?s requirements for each.
Mr. Jones responded to questions from Mayor Pro Tem Rodgers regarding the
setback and the one tree in the front yard being mandated in this proposed
ordinance and reads as follows: ?Additionally, every residential lot containing
7,500 square feet area or greater shall have a minimum of two trees located
thereon, one of which must be between the front set back line and the
right-of-way.? With the assistance of the overhead projector, Mr. Jones
displayed reasons for the request and expounded on that by saying that a
terrible mistake was made around twenty or thirty years ago when oak trees were
planted under the power lines; therefore, there are no more street trees and,
the thought according to the planners and what everyone told us, was to go to
an informal type of street tree, which are the trees in the front yard. He
explained that in an R-2 zoning classification and above there is a requirement
for two trees with one of which has to be in the front yard.
Section 8: Additional Requirements
(a) Parking Areas
Mr. Jones then presented slides from various communities that have
development where trees are present versus the developments that have been
constructed in the City of Columbus, after which he reiterated remarks made by
Mr. Ed McMahon, a planner, who commented that ?every survey that has been
conducted indicated that people would prefer to shop in shopping centers that
have trees?. He maintained that they are more inviting and they not only go
there because their cars are cooler and things of that nature, but they would
stay longer and spend more money.
Mr. Jones explained that in regards to automobile sales lots that are in
existence now would not be affected; it is grandfathered in, but it could get
caught if it makes an expansion or redevelopment; but once again, the
provisions of the proposed tree ordinance would not require parking lot trees,
because all it would have to do is meet the TDU requirement. Mr. Jones pointed
out that of the sixteen ordinances that the committee reviewed, the Tree
Ordinance for Savannah, Georgia was the only one that exempts automobile lots,
boat sales lots, mobile home sales lots and things of that nature, and he would
recommend to the Council the same thing. He explained that the rationale is
that it is not really a parking lot, but an extension of their sales room. He
also cautioned about exempting some folks out, because you would be leaving
folks in that would possibly want to know why others are exempt and not them.
(b) Perimeter Plantings
Mr. Jones advised that the only things that our perimeter plantings apply
to are non-residential uses in residentially zoned areas. He said that second
area where the perimeter plantings would apply is where residential
subdivisions abut streets.
He then provided examples for display on the overhead projector to assist
with the reasoning for the requirement as listed in the proposed ordinance.
Section 9: Tree Protection and Planting Requirements
Section 10: Tree Protection During Construction Standards
Mr. Jones pointed out that there is a difference between saving a tree and
leaving a tree. He said you have to do things to protect a tree that has
development going on around it, if your plan is to save the tree. He
highlighted the provision in the proposed ordinance that gives extra credit for
trees over twenty-one (21) inches in diameter; you can get twice the TDU
credits for saving that tree. He then displayed slides of how to save trees
and those that have been left.
Councilor Turner Pugh asked questions regarding the effect of the proposed
ordinance on small lots that are 2,500 and 5,000 square feet. Mr. Jones then
responded by saying that the arborist could grant a variance on one tree.
Councilor Turner Pugh pointed out that if there is development that is not only
going to affect the Lawyers Lane Area, but also some impact on the lots in the
Beallwood area, because a lot of these lots are not normal size lots anymore.
She then requested that when City Manager Cavezza brings the ordinance back to
the Council, there needs to be something in the ordinance that takes care of
the existing lots that are 2,500 square feet without having to go through the
variance process.
Ms. Susan Kleto, came forward to make comments regarding tree planting on
small lots. She said that she believes that there is still room for trees to
be planted on smaller lots.
Section 11: Tree Planting Standards
Section 12: Alternative Compliance
Mr. Jones said that if there is a lot where it is physically impossible to
get the trees on the lot; then, there are two provisions that are granted and
are listed as follows:
? The developer or builder would get with the arborist and they would agree on
a site on City property where the tree could be planted and the developer would
get credit for it.
Or
? Make a $220.00 contribution to the Tree Replacement Fund.
Section 13: Inspections
Mr. Jones explained that inspections are performed by the arborist or his
or her designee.
Section 14: Variances
Section 15: Nuisances, Disease, Infection, and Emergencies
Section 16: Enforcement and Administration
Mr. Jones recalled that the City Arborist is in charge of enforcing the
present Tree ordinance; therefore, this remains in the proposed ordinance.
Mr. Jones continued by saying that we incorporated several recommendations
from the Chamber, which includes cooperating with the fast tract projects,
large economic development projects, etc.
Section 17: Injunctive Relief
Section 18: Miscellaneous
? Trenching within the Critical Root Zone (CRZ) on City Property.
? Damage by City Trees
? Required Permits
? Public Utility Standards
? House Moving Permits
? Land clearing, timber harvesting, speculative grading, etc.
? Cooperation with other departments
? Non-Liability of City
Councilor Henderson called forward Ms. Rachelle Buice, who was seated in
the audience, to ask her opinion of the responsibilities of the City Arborist
as listed in the proposed tree ordinance.
Ms, Rachelle Buice, approached the podium and confirmed that it is going
to be hard, but this is something that she feels is worth it for the
community. She said that one person could help to move it forward, and if we
had resources from other areas and departments to get trained on proper tree
care.
When Councilor Henderson asked about some additional personnel for Ms.
Buice, she suggested maybe a starting point of two additional people. In
response to Councilor Turner Pugh regarding the cross-training of employees and
if this has been happening; then, why are we not using them now? City Manager
Cavezza replied that if we are looking at pulling highway maintenance under Ms.
Buice as well, then that would give her the added resources that she needs.
Mr. Jones read from his prepared concluding remarks. He then directed his
remarks towards the question of why do we need the ordinance and are as
follows:
- Increase smart growth
- Enhance quality of life
- Increase property value
After more than two hours of discussion on this matter, Mr. Jones
displayed several more slides showing areas in the City of Columbus that
possess trees as part of their development, and immediately upon conclusion,
offered to respond to further questions of the Council. Councilor Smith then
asked questions regarding Section 18(g) (Land clearing, timber harvesting,
speculative grading, etc.), at which time, Mr. Jones addressed those questions.
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With there being no other business to come before the Council, this
meeting was adjourned, upon the adoption of a motion made by Councilor
Poydasheff. Seconded by Councilor Suber, at which time, Councilor Suber
reminded everyone that we did vote to hear any citizens that were present.
Mayor Pro Tem Rodgers recalled that there was a vote taken to hear anyone else
that had something to offer at this point, that they would be heard. He then
asked if there was anyone present who wanted to be heard or had questions
regarding this matter, but no one came forward.
Mayor Pro Tem Rodgers then called attention to the motion to adjourn
which carried unanimously by those eight members of Council present for with
Councilors Allen and Henderson being absent for this vote, with the time being
12:02 p.m.
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Sandra T. Davis
Deputy Clerk of Council
The Council of Columbus, Georgia